湖北九宫山甜槠群落结构与优势种的空间分布格局研究

通过对湖北九宫山国家级自然保护区甜槠群落建立的1ha固定森林样地进行植物群落调查,分析了样地内木本植物物种组成、区系成分、种群径级结构和空间分布格局,结果表明:(1)样地内木本植物(DBH≥1 cm)共有132种,隶属于42科78属,其中,杜鹃花科、壳斗科、樟科、蔷薇科、冬青科等是优势科,短柄袍、鹿角杜鹃、青冈、长叶石栎、甜槠等是优势种.(2)样地内植物科、属的分布类型均以泛热带分布类型为主,分别为30.95％和20.51％.(3)样地内所有木本植物个体的径级结构均呈倒"J"型,幼龄个体数量大,森林群落更新状况良好.(4)样地内木本植物个体的空间分布格局以聚集分布为主,部分优势物种在小尺度上呈聚集分布,而在较大尺度上则为随机分布.     

基于熵权法的安徽省湿地重要性评估

湿地重要性评估是湿地生态系统功能有效管理的基础性工作,湿地功能要素的识别是科学、客观地评估湿地的保护价值及其重要性的前提条件,同时是识别湿地保护地空缺,加强湿地保护规划的重要基础.结合安徽省湿地特点,采用熵权法从湿地的必要性、稀有性、及其调节功能、资源功能等9个方面选取22个指标,构建了安徽省湿地重要性评估指标体系,对安徽省湿地斑块进行生态保护价值重要性评估,并根据自然断裂法,将安徽省湿地划分为极重要、高度重要、较重要和一般重要湿地,同时利用主成分分析法对湿地重要性的影响因素进行分析.结果 表明:安徽省湿地重要性评估分值在0.9741～6.5588之间,其中极重要湿地(4.0271～6.5588)居多,主要分布在长江、淮河流域,面积约50.30万hm2,占研究区域湿地面积的48.29％,高度重要湿地(2.4049～4.0270)约13.25万hm2,较重要湿地(1.4351～2.4048)面积约18.17万hm2,一般重要湿地(0.9741～1.4350)约22.40万hm2,零星分布于全省;湿地鸟类资源、国家重点保护物种数、水资源、水质以及湿地的自然性等是安徽省湿地重要性的主要影响因素.建立的评估指标体系和评估结果为安徽省湿地的保护价值定位、优先建立建设和等级划分管理提供理论依据.     

A combined radical and non-radical oxidation processes for efficient degradation of Acid Orange 7 in the homogeneous Cu(II)/PMS system: important role of chloride

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Trace copper ion (Cu(II)) in water and wastewater can trigger peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to oxidize organic compounds, but it only works under...     

汉江与嘉陵江源区黄土的风化成土强度及其在土壤系统分类中的归属

以汉江源区(李家河村)和嘉陵江源区(杨家山村)黄土剖面为研究对象,对其粒度、元素组成、团聚体等进行分析与对比,探究两地土壤成土强度与系统分类归属.结果表明两江源区的土壤风化成土特征级类明显不同:(1)两地土壤团聚体主要分布在0.25～1 mm范围内,但汉江源区(LJH)土壤上部的大团聚体含量R0.25值(83.73％)、平均重量直径MWD值(2.17)和几何平均直径GMD值(1.11)均大于嘉陵江源区(YJS)的土壤(其R0.25值为69.81％,MWD和GMD值分别为1.06、0.47),团聚体稳定性更强,而剖面中下部则相反,土体稳定性弱于后者;(2)嘉陵江源区土壤的风化程度仅达到低等向中等强度过渡阶段,与其相比,汉江源区土壤的钾钠比值和残积指数较高、硅铝铁率和淋溶系数较低,钙、钠等易溶元素风化淋失更强,产生的富铝黏土矿物更多,达到中等风化强度,故后者风化成土强度远大于前者;(3)在土壤系统分类中,汉江源区黄土母质发育的土壤可归为斑纹简育湿润淋溶土,嘉陵江源区土壤可归为普通钙积干润淋溶土.     

武汉地区夏季和秋冬季大气污染的天气概念模型

利用2013～2019年武汉市生态环境局监测数据、L波段雷达探空资料、NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,对夏季和秋冬季武汉地区污染日的大气污染特征、边界层结构、环流形势、物理量场进行研究,建立了武汉地区大气污染的天气概念模型.主要结论如下:(1)武汉市空气质量具有季节性变化特征,大气污染程度四季分布表现为冬＞秋＞春＞夏.夏季首要污染物是臭氧,冬季首要污染物是PM2.5.(2)比较挑选出的夏季清洁日和污染日的气象要素特征,污染日逆温的平均强度约为清洁日的一倍,逆温底高一般在600 m以下,空气质量一般为轻度-中度污染;静风频率(37.1％)明显高于清洁日的静风频率(2.9％);污染日平均风速小(0.8 m/s),边界层内相对湿度较低.同样比较秋冬季两类天气的气象要素特征,污染日逆温底高低、厚度小,不及清洁日的一半,不利于污染物的扩散,易出现重度污染天气.静风频率(20％)高于清洁日的静风频率(7.5％),风速小(1.6 m/s),污染日边界层内呈明显上千下湿的格局.(3)建立了夏季大气污染的天气概念模型,污染日副高偏弱位置偏东,长江流域易少雨干旱;地面我国东部大范围地区处于均压场中,武汉地区为偏东北异常小风,不利于大气污染物的扩散.(4)建立了秋冬季大气污染的天气概念模型,长江流域环流平直少波动,配合地面弱低压的天气形势和较强的逆温使得大气污染物聚集在近地面.蒙古冷高压强度偏弱,使得入侵我国的冷空气强度偏弱;武汉地区为偏北小风,对雾霾的移除和稀释扩散作用差.该研究结论可供大气污染预测预警研究和环境管理部门大气污染的联防联控参考.     

Magnetic graphene-based nanocomposites as highly efficient absorbents for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Due to the merits of their high adsorption and convenient separation, magnetic graphene-based composites have become a promising adsorbent in terms of...     

An asymmetric analysis of the impacts of energy use on carbon dioxide emissions in the G7 countries

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The foremost theme of the paper is to explore the asymmetric/symmetric impact of energy consumption on the carbon dioxide emission of G7 countries...     

Effect of Anthropogenic Factors on the Ability of Narrow-skulled Voles (Lasiopodomys gregalis) to Adapt to Captive Conditions

Russian Journal of Ecology - To test the hypothesis that animals from habitats exposed to high anthropogenic pressure are more successful in adapting to captivity, immature narrow-skulled voles...     

The application of system dynamics in different practices of a waste management system

The continuous increase in waste generation warrants global management of waste to reduce the adverse economic, social, and environmental impact of waste while achieving goals for sustainability. The complexity of waste management systems due to different waste management practices renders such systems difficult to analyze. System dynamics (SD) approach aids in conceptualizing and analyzing the structure, interactions, and mode of behavior of the complex systems. The impact of the underlying components can therefore be assessed in an integrated way while the impact of possible policies on the system can be studied to implement appropriate decisions. This review summarizes various applications of SD pertinent to the waste management practices in different countries. Practices may include waste generation, reduction, reuse/recovery, recycling, and disposal. Each study supports regional-demanding targets in environmental, social, and economic scopes such as expanding landfill life span, implementing proper disposal fee, global warming mitigation, energy generation/saving, etc. The interacting variables in the WMS are specifically determined based on the defined problem, ultimate goal, and the type of waste. Generally, population and gross domestic product can increase the waste generation. An increase in waste reduction, source separation, and recycling rate could decrease the environmental impact, but it is not necessarily profitable from an economic perspective. Incentives to separate waste and knowledge about waste management are variables that always have a positive impact on the entire system.

     

衡阳市区和衡山背景站臭氧浓度变化规律的对比分析

选取衡阳市区和衡山背景站臭氧自动监测数据,分析两地的臭氧污染特征。对空气质量的优良率情况、臭氧作为首要污染物的变化情况、臭氧浓度的日变化特征、典型时段的浓度变化特征、臭氧浓度的月际变化特征和臭氧与PM_(2.5)的关联情况等进行了分析。结果表明,多云及阴雨天气时,衡阳市区的臭氧浓度日变化幅度大于衡山背景站。夏季,衡阳市区和衡山背景站的臭氧浓度的日变化特征规律差异较大,臭氧浓度分布比较分散,前者为典型的单峰形,后者则波动平缓。冬季,日变化幅度不大,但衡阳市区的臭氧浓度明显低于衡山背景站。衡山背景站和衡阳市区的臭氧基本同步变化,但日均值高于衡阳市区。